C1 · Formal connectors and prepositions · about 15 min
Formal conditions
sofern, vorausgesetzt, dass, es sei denn
Contracts use formal words for conditions: Eine Untervermietung ist zulässig, sofern der Vermieter zustimmt.
Four connectors, two word orders
| Connector | Type | Clause | Conjugated verb | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sofern | Conjunction (Subjunktion) | Subordinate clause (Nebensatz) | At the end | provided that, in so far as |
| vorausgesetzt, dass | Two-part conjunction | Subordinate clause (Nebensatz) | At the end | provided that, on condition that |
| vorausgesetzt, ... (without dass) | Participle + main clause | Main clause (Hauptsatz) | Position 2 | provided (less formal) |
| im Fall(e), dass | Two-part conjunction | Subordinate clause (Nebensatz) | At the end | in the event that, in case |
| es sei denn (standard) | Fixed phrase + main clause | Main clause (Hauptsatz) | Position 2 | unless, except if |
| es sei denn, dass (variant) | Two-part conjunction | Subordinate clause (Nebensatz) | At the end | unless, except that |
The main points
- sofern = provided that; formal wenn or falls. Verb at the end.
- vorausgesetzt, dass: a must-have condition. Comma before dass, verb at the end.
- im Fall(e), dass = in the event that. Verb at the end.
- es sei denn = unless. Then normal main clause order: verb second.
- vorausgesetzt without dass: verb in position 2. Never es sei denn wenn.