C1 · Precise words and tone · about 18 min
-ig, -lich, -isch: differences in meaning
-ig, -lich, -isch: Bedeutungsunterschiede
The same root can change meaning with -ig, -lich or -isch: ein kindliches Lächeln, but kindisches Verhalten.
Learn first:Adjectives with un-, -los, -ig, -lich, -isch
Core semantic profiles of the suffixes
| Suffix | Main idea | Typical use | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| -ig | Having or full of something | Physical traits and states; with a number: duration | Sand → sandig, Sonne → sonnig, drei Tage → dreitägig |
| -lich | A sphere, or something that repeats | Institutions, regular cycles, "-ish" with colours | Tag → täglich, Wirtschaft → wirtschaftlich, rot → rötlich |
| -isch | Origin, field, or a judgment of character | Countries, sciences; often critical about people | Spanien → spanisch, Kind → kindisch, Herr → herrisch |
The main points
- kindlich = childlike (positive); kindisch = childish (negative).
- geistig = mental, intellectual; geistlich = religious, of the church.
- -lich = how often: täglich. Number + -ig = how long: dreitägig.
- gütig = kind; gütlich = by agreement. parteiisch = biased.
- -tägig and -stündig need a number: zweitägig, mehrstündig.