B2 · Adjectives and participles · about 18 min

Adjectives with -bar and -lich

Adjektive mit -bar und -lich

Add -bar to a verb to say it can be done, like English -able: Der Akku ist austauschbar.

Forming -bar adjectives from transitive verbs

Base verb (infinitive)Verb stem-bar adjectiveNegated formProduct review exampleEnglish translation
tragen (to carry)trag-tragbaruntragbar (usually = unacceptable)ein handlicher, leicht tragbarer Lautsprechera handy, easily portable speaker
falten (to fold)falt-faltbarnicht faltbareine platzsparende, faltbare Tastatura space-saving, foldable keyboard
nachfüllen (to refill)nachfüll-nachfüllbarnicht nachfüllbarökologisch sinnvolle, nachfüllbare Patronenecologically sensible, refillable cartridges
programmieren (to program)programmier-programmierbarnicht programmierbareine frei programmierbare Fernbedienunga freely programmable remote control
trennen (to separate)trenn-trennbaruntrennbarKabel und Netzteil sind voneinander trennbar.Cable and power adapter can be detached from each other.

The main points

  • -bar means "can be done": waschbar, lösbar, austauschbar.
  • With -bar, the vowel doesn't change: tragen → tragbar.
  • un-...-bar names flaws: unbrauchbar, unbezahlbar, unerreichbar.
  • -lich often means understandable or fragile: verständlich, zerbrechlich.
  • scheinbar: only looks true. anscheinend: probably true.