B2 · Formal prepositions · about 15 min

Prepositions with nouns without an article

Präpositionen ohne Artikel

After inklusive, ab, ohne or voller, a singular noun without an article takes no ending: inklusive Versand.

Prepositions with bare singular nouns (zero article)

PrepositionMeaningCase with articleForm with bare singular nounReal-life invoice exampleEnglish translation
inklusive (inkl.)includingGenitiveNo ending (base form)Rechnungsbetrag inklusive MehrwertsteuerInvoice total including VAT
exklusive (exkl.)excludingGenitiveNo ending (base form)Nettopreis exklusive VersandNet price excluding delivery
abfrom / startingDativeNo ending (base form)Lieferung ab LagerDelivery from the warehouse
ohnewithoutAccusativeNo ending (base form)Zahlbar ohne SkontoPayable without cash discount
vollerfull ofInvariableNo ending (base form)Ein Vorgang voller ZweifelA process full of doubts

The main points

  • A bare singular noun takes no ending: inklusive Versand, ab Werk.
  • No genitive -s after inklusive: inklusive Frühstück, not Frühstücks.
  • An adjective shows the case: ab nächstem Monat, ohne zusätzlichen Aufpreis.
  • voller never changes and takes no article: voller Zweifel.
  • On bills and price lists, the bare noun is the usual style.