C2 · Formal and older forms · about 18 min

Ge-…-e nouns and word-class changes

Ge-…-e und andere Wortarten-Wechsel

Ge-…-e makes neuter nouns for annoying, endless action, and adjectives can become nouns: das ständige Gerede, das Dunkel.

Patterns of Ge-…-e nouns

TypePatternBase wordNounMeaning
From verbs: talk and behaviourGe- + verb stem + -ereden; zanken; fragendas Gerede; das Gezänke / Gezänk; das Gefrageidle talk; petty quarrelling; endless questions
From verbs: soundGe- + verb stem (often no -e)brüllen; schreien; klapperndas Gebrüll; das Geschrei; das Geklapperendless roaring; screaming; rattling
From verbs: movement and fussGe- + verb stem + -e / -(e)lhetzen; wuseln; tundas Gehetze; das Gewusel; das Getuestressful rushing; swarming; fuss
From nouns: natureGe- + noun stem (+ umlaut) (+ -e)der Berg; der Busch; der Ast; das Wasserdas Gebirge; das Gebüsch; das Geäst; das Gewässermountains; bushes; branches; body of water

The main points

  • Ge-…-e from verbs: annoying, endless action (das Gerede).
  • Ge-…-e nouns for endless action are neuter and have no plural.
  • Ge-…-e from nouns: collectives, often with umlaut (das Gebüsch).
  • das Dunkel sounds poetic; die Dunkelheit sounds factual.
  • Whole phrases as nouns take hyphens: das Vor-sich-hin-Leben.